The Human Edge: Analogy and the Roots of Creative Intelligence by Keith J. Holyoak
What makes human cognition distinct from animal and artificial forms of intelligence—and how analogies play a crucial role in our unique abilities.
In The Human Edge, cognitive scientist, poet, and translator Keith Holyoak takes a fresh look at what makes human intelligence special. His focus is analogy—the ability to see relational similarities between things that on the surface seem unalike. The book brings together a half century of research in cognitive, comparative, and developmental psychology, coupled with work in philosophy, law, education, linguistics, neuroscience, and artificial intelligence. Rather than simply examining analogy as an isolated human ability, Holyoak places it in the broader context of a trinity of special human capacities—analogy, language, and understanding the minds of other people. Each of these capacities relies on distinct neural circuitry in the human brain.
Holyoak analyzes the similarities—and critical differences—between cognition in humans and in other intelligent animals, ranging from crows to chimpanzees. He also traces how relational thinking develops in children, emphasizing the distinctive advances that begin at about age three. Along the way, Holyoak paints a broad picture of how people use analogy in everyday life—to make jokes, to argue, to teach, to make moral judgments. He considers when an analogy counts as rational evidence—for or against a scientific hypothesis, or the judgment in a legal case. He also evaluates the most recent advances in artificial intelligence that have started to achieve complex tasks previously limited to humans while highlighting the distinctive aspects of human creativity.
In a time of rapid technological change, with ominous portents for society, this book provides a timely reexamination of what really counts as the human edge.
In The Human Edge, cognitive scientist, poet, and translator Keith Holyoak takes a fresh look at what makes human intelligence special. His focus is analogy—the ability to see relational similarities between things that on the surface seem unalike. The book brings together a half century of research in cognitive, comparative, and developmental psychology, coupled with work in philosophy, law, education, linguistics, neuroscience, and artificial intelligence. Rather than simply examining analogy as an isolated human ability, Holyoak places it in the broader context of a trinity of special human capacities—analogy, language, and understanding the minds of other people. Each of these capacities relies on distinct neural circuitry in the human brain.
Holyoak analyzes the similarities—and critical differences—between cognition in humans and in other intelligent animals, ranging from crows to chimpanzees. He also traces how relational thinking develops in children, emphasizing the distinctive advances that begin at about age three. Along the way, Holyoak paints a broad picture of how people use analogy in everyday life—to make jokes, to argue, to teach, to make moral judgments. He considers when an analogy counts as rational evidence—for or against a scientific hypothesis, or the judgment in a legal case. He also evaluates the most recent advances in artificial intelligence that have started to achieve complex tasks previously limited to humans while highlighting the distinctive aspects of human creativity.
In a time of rapid technological change, with ominous portents for society, this book provides a timely reexamination of what really counts as the human edge.
“In this landmark book, Holyoak provides an authoritative and engaging integration of work on analogy and related processes, seamlessly drawing on research from cognitive psychology, neuroscience, developmental psychology, and artificial intelligence. The Human Edge makes a compelling case for the role of analogy in essential aspects of human mental function.”—Daniel L. Schacter, William R. Kenan, Jr. Professor of Psychology, Harvard University; author of The Seven Sins of Memory
“If you're interested in art or science or the future of thinking, you should get smart about analogy. Taking this book in will make you instantly and expansively smart about analogy. It is truly the miracle pill. And the miracle isn't just in the efficacy of the treatment but in the delivery. Holyoak pulls off definitive as delightful. Really more dessert than medicine.”—Adam E. Green, Professor of Psychology, Georgetown University
About the Author
Keith J. Holyoak is Distinguished Professor of Psychology at the University of California, Los Angeles. A recipient of a Guggenheim Fellowship and the Warren Medal from the Society of Experimental Psychologists, he is the author of several books in cognitive science, including The Spider's Thread, as well as four volumes of poetry and a book of translated classical Chinese poetry.
